Church Heritage Cymru

Church Heritage Cymru 5972

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St Cynog, Defynnog

Name:

The name or dedication of the church.

St Cynog, Defynnog
Record Type:

This identifies the church type. Most churches are parish churches which means they serve a specific parish or area. Other types such as chapel, daughter and mission are mostly historic designations as many are now also parish churches. Please note that former churches are no longer used for worhsip and may be in private ownership.

Parish Church
Church code:

A unique identification number given to every church.

5972
Diocese:

The name of the diocese in which the church is located.

Swansea and Brecon
Archdeaconry:

The name of the archdeaconry in which the church is located.

Brecon
Parish:

This is the legal name of the parish as given by the Church Commissioners.

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Statutory Designation Information

Listed Building?

There are 3 levels of listing: Grade I, II* & II. The majority of buildings which are of special interest are Grade II. A much smaller number of particularly important buildings are listed as Grade II*. Buildings of exceptional interest (approx 2% of the total number of listed buildings) are Grade I.

This is a Grade I Listed Building
Scheduled Monument?

Ancient monuments and archaeological remains of national importance are protected by law. Cadw, the Welsh Government’s historic environment service is responsible for compiling a schedule (list) of these ancient monuments, some of which can be found in churches and churchyards. Examples can include churchyard crosses and the archaeological remains of previous churches or buildings on the site.

There is a Scheduled Monument within the curtilage or precinct

National Park

There are three National Parks in Wales: Snowdonia, Pembrokeshire Coast and Brecon Beacons. These protect 20 percent of the land in Wales, including precious landscapes, habitats, villages and heritage sites. 

The church is in the following National Park: Brecon Beacons

Conservation Area

There are over 500 conservation areas in Wales. They are designated by local planning authorities for their special architectural and historic interest.

The church is not in a Conservation Area

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Buildings At Risk Status

On Buildings At Risk Register?

The Buildings at Risk register is managed by Cadw (the Welsh Government’s historic environment service) in order to identify the number and type of listed buildings at risk in Wales. 

This church is not on the Buildings at Risk Register
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Approximate Date

Approximate Date:

It is often extremely difficult to determine a precise date of construction for a church as many have been extensively altered over time. Church Heritage Cymru therefore shows a date range within which a church is believed to have been constructed. The dates are as follows: Early Medieval (pre 1066), Medieval (post 1066 to 1540), Post Medieval (1540 to 1837), Victorian/Pre WWI (1837 to 1914) and Modern (post 1914).

Medieval

Exterior Image

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Summary Description

This is a very brief summary of the church's main features. More  detailed nformation can be found in the other fields and pages (tabs) in this database.

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Visiting and Facilities

Useful information is displayed here for people wishing to visit the church. This may include things like opening hours, catering & toilet facilities, parking, etc. 

The church is open for worship.
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Church Website

Church Website:

If the church has its own website the details will be displayed here.

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Sources and Further Information

Any further sources of information for the church will be listed here (eg. links to other historic databases).

View information on worship and access at this church on the Church In Wales web site
RCAHMW (2004) Coflein http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/401782/details/ [Digital Archive/Document]
http://www.coflein.gov.uk/
CPAT (2016) Historic Environment Record http://www.cofiadurcahcymru.org.uk/arch/query/page.php?prn=CPAT20131 [Digital Archive/Document]
CPAT (2016) Welsh Historic Churches Survey http://www.cpat.demon.co.uk\projects\longer\churches\brecon\16764.htm [Digital Archive/Document]
http://www.cpat.demon.co.uk/projects/longer/churches/idxall.htm
Paul Baker (2017) St Cynog's Church Defynnog [Digital Archive/Graphic material]
St Cynog's Church Defynnog

This is the Ordnance Survey (OS) reference for the location of the church. Some locations will be approximate as this data is continuously being refined and updated.

Grid Reference: SN 925 279

To zoom into an area hold the SHIFT key down then click and drag a rectangle.

Church address

Address
Missing help text - to be added by an administrator
St Cynog Defynnog BRECON LD3 8RL

Administrative Area

Unitary Authority:

This is the name of the Local Authoirity within which the church is located.

Powys - Powys

Location and Setting

This describes how the church relates to its immediate and wider environment, sometimes called its setting. It describes how the church contributes to its landscape or townscape and how these things collectively contribute to the character of the area.

Defynnog (with Sennybridge) forms a large village settlement some 15 kms west of Brecon, 48 km north east of Swansea.  Defynnog lies just to the south of the junction between the A40 and the A4067.  The church sits on a river terrace about 100m from the river Senni.

References

Route Planner  Directions, traffic and maps  AA

Church Plan

St Cynog's Church Defynnog
Caption:

The name/dedication of the church to which the plan refers.

St Cynog's Church Defynnog
Description:

A brief description of the plan. eg. who created it and where it came from.

Year / Date:

The date the plan was created.

2017
Copyright:

The details of any copyright are displayed here.

Morgan & Horowsky
Originator:

The name of the person who inputted the plan.

Paul Baker

Ground Plan Description and Dimensions

Ground Plan

This is a description of the ground plan of the church.

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Dimensions

If known, the dimensions (measurements) of the church ground plan will be displayed here.

The site measures 71m x 81m (0.57 hectares (1.4 acres)

Reference

Church Quinquennial Inspection Reports

Footprint of Church buildings (m2):

If the footrprint (area) of the church is known, it will be displayed here.

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Description of Archaeology and History

A description of the history and archaeology of the church and its site.

At the time of the 'Great Forest of Brecknock' an area adjoining was known as 'The Little Forest' which was also known as 'Defynnog Forest' an area reserved for hunting.  The present church emerged here in the early Medieval era the building is mostly late C15 church, however, a church was recorded here in 1254 and 1291.  This church was restored in 1888-90 for £1793 which included three replacement windows and new roofs, further minor works in 1905 including works to partition the nave to form a school room.

Within the church the font stoup and incised stone are exceptional evidence of Christianity in this wild upland area before the Norman Conquest.  Within the porch is a C5 or C6 incised stone 'Rugniatio Livendoni (the second word possibly an eroded Fili Vendoni) with two equal armed crosses one above the other, one encircled, probably added in C7 to C9.  Possible Ogam marks on edge. The rim of the font has eroded zig-zags with an inscription in Runic letters, the only Welsh example, the Runic letters repeated in Lombardic 'Siwurd + Gwlmer'.

References

Cadw Listings Notice

Buildings of Wales – Powys 2013

Church Quinquennial Inspection Reports

CPAT Brecknockshire Churches Survey

Exterior Description

A description of the exterior of the church and the main features of the churchyard.

The building has been limewashed in cream ochre (leading to letters of complaint in the local paper followed by a letter of support from CADW). The plan is of a tall tower with battlements, nave and NE chapel with a south porch.  The nave and chancel form a continuous building and are constructed with semi-coursed random rubble sandstone with a natural slate roofs.  The tower has a high sloping base with bull-nosed string course over, the pyramid roof is stone slated with wrought-iron finials and a weather cock.  In the south east corner of the tower is the stair turret.  There is a priest's door near the South East corner of the church.

References

Cadw Listings Notice

Buildings of Wales – Powys 2013

Church Quinquennial Inspection Reports

CPAT Brecknockshire Churches Survey

Architects, Artists and Associated People/Organisations

Information about any noteable architects, artists, people, or events associated with the church.

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Building Fabric and Features

Information about any important features and building fabric.

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Building Materials

If known, a list of the church's major building material/s will be displayed here.

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Interior Image

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Interior Description

This section gives a general description of the interior of the church. Further details of any important internal fixtures and fittings will be listed below.

The nave and chancel sit under a barrel roof divided into panels by closely set moulded ribs.The rear of the church has been partitioned off, probably by David Jenkins in 1905 to create a school room now used as a vestry. The ornate reredos  has carvings of wheat flanking a cross under a canopy, there is panelling of 1907 having a carved vine-scroll cornice, the side panels are carved with lilly and passion flower motifs..  An altar sits in front on a stone pillar. The sanctuary floor is covered with Victorian encaustic tiles.  The pulpit is C18 standing on a stone base of c1904, it has a pine fielded panelled three-sided front.  The steps have turned balusters and panelled newels with handrails of wrought iron with twisted standards and leaf scrolls.  At the rear of the nave is a font possibly C11,  it has a small bowl with bands of raised crude quatrefoils divided by oval pellets under a band of oval pellets. The bowl is on a massive bell-shaped base with ring moulding at mid height, standing on  a finely detailed square base.  The covered top moulding  with trefoil or fleur-de-lys ornament at corners.  The rim has a zig-zag inscription somewhat eroded, the inscription is in Runic letters - the only Welsh example - and this message is repeated in Lombardic 'Siwurd + Gwlmer'. (The authenticity of this inscription as Runic has been placed in doubt) There are oil lamps on turned wooded standards.  The floor of the nave is tiled with an a opening grid for a former heating system.

The stained glass, in the east window over four lights 'Nativity, Presentation, Crucifixion and Ascension' to Revd David Parry died 1877; In the nave of  three lights 'Virgin Mary with SS Luke and John' 1930 by Powell of Whitefriars  to Ann Jordan of Abersenny died 1962; 'St Mary'  by Luxford Studios of New Barnet; Two 3-light windows by Taylor and Clifton, one to Thomas family of Abersenny 1906'; the chancel window is 'The Sermon on the Mount' late C19 by Mayer of Munich to A M Story of Maskelyne;  'The Light of the World with SS David and Cynog' by Jones and Willis 1925 to W and M Davies of Cwmwysg.

In the tower are six bells cast by John Taylor and Co, one marked 1739, recast in 1897, another is marked  1686, also recast in 1897.

References

Cadw Listings Notice

Buildings of Wales – Powys 2013

Church Quinquennial Inspection Reports

CPAT Brecknockshire Churches Survey

Internal Fixtures and Fittings

Information about the church's important internal fixtures and fittings. 

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Portable Furnishings and Artworks

Information about the church's important moveable items and artworks.

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Ecology

A description of the ecology of the churchyard.

One of the Yew Trees is a significantly old tree worthy of a visit from the Prince of Wales c2015

Reference

The Yew Group

Ecological Designations

Missing help text - to be added by an administrator

The everyday wildlife of burial grounds means much to those who visit and cherish them but many burial grounds are so rich in wildlife that they should be designated and specially protected. Few have the legal protection of a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) or, in the case of local authority owned cemeteries, Local Nature Reserve. This makes it even more important that they are cared for and protected by the people looking after them.

Many have a non-statutory designation as a recognition of their importance. These non-statutory designations have a variety of names in different regions including Local Wildlife Site, County Wildlife Site, Site of Importance for Nature Conservation or Site of Nature Conservation Importance (Local Wildlife Site is the most common name). Their selection is based on records of the most important, distinctive and threatened species and habitats within a national, regional and local context. This makes them some of our most valuable wildlife areas.

For example, many burial grounds which are designated as Local Wildlife Sites contain species-rich meadow, rich in wildflowers, native grasses and grassland fungi managed by only occasional mowing plus raking. When this is the case, many animals may be present too, insects, birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. This type of grassland was once widespread and has been almost entirely lost from the UK with approximately 3% remaining, so burial grounds with species-rich meadow managed in this way are extremely important for wildlife.

These designations should be considered when planning management or change.

If you think that this or any other burial ground should be designated please contact Caring for God’s Acre (info@cfga.org.uk) to discuss. Many eligible sites have not yet received a designation and can be surveyed and then submitted for consideration.

There are no SSSIs within the curtilage of this Parish Church.

There are no Local nature reserves within the curtilage of this Parish Church.

There are no Local Wildlife sites within the curtilage of this Parish Church.

Evidence of the Presence of Bats

Information about the presence of bats in the church building or churchyard.

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Burial and War Grave Information

Records whether the church has been consecrated.

The church/building is consecrated.

Records whether there have been burials in the churchyard.

The churchyard has been used for burial.

Records whether the churchyard is still being used for burials.

The churchyard is used for burial.

Records whether there are any war graves in the churchyard.

The churchyard has war graves.

National Heritage Designations

Missing help text - to be added by an administrator

There are no Listed Buildings within the curtilage of this Parish Church.

There are no Scheduled Monuments within the curtilage of this Parish Church.

Ancient, Veteran & Notable Trees

Missing help text - to be added by an administrator

Churchyards are home to fantastic trees, in particular ancient and veteran trees which can be the oldest indication of a sacred space and be features of extraordinary individuality. The UK holds a globally important population of ancient and veteran yew trees of which three-quarters are found in the churchyards of England and Wales.

There are more than 1,000 ancient and veteran yews aged at least 500 years in these churchyards.

To put this in context, the only other part of western Europe with a known significant yew population is Normandy in northern France, where more than 100 ancient or veteran churchyard yews have been recorded.

Burial grounds may contain veteran and ancient trees of other species such as sweet chestnut or small-leaved lime which, whilst maybe not so old as the yews, are still important for wildlife and may be home to many other species.

Specialist advice is needed when managing these wonderful trees. For more information or to seek advice please contact Caring for God’s Acre, The Ancient Yew Group and The Woodland Trust.

If you know of an ancient or veteran tree in a burial ground that is not listed here please contact Caring for God’s Acre.

There are currently no Ancient, Veteran or Notable trees connected to this Parish Church

Churchyard Structures

Any important churchyard structures will be listed here.

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Significance

Setting Significance Level:

Signifiance levels are set at high, medium and low.

High
Setting Significance Description:

Significance defines what is special about a church. This could be architectural, archaeological, historical or liturgical. Here, it describes the relationship of the church to its surrounding area and helps place it within its wider landscape context.

A highly visible church nicely lime-washed visible from the main road from Brecon to Swansea.
Fabric Significance Level:

Signifiance levels are set at high, medium and low.

Moderate
Fabric Significance Description:

Significance defines what is special about a church. This could be architectural, archaeological, historical or liturgical. Here, it describes the significance of the historic building fabric of the church.

A medieval church sympathetically restored.
Interior Significance Level:

Signifiance levels are set at high, medium and low.

Moderate
Interior Significance Description:

Significance defines what is special about a church. This could be architectural, archaeological, historical or liturgical. Here, it describes the historic significance of the interior of the church.

Housing possibly the only Runic inscription in Wales
Community Significance Level:

Signifiance levels are set at high, medium and low.

Moderate
Community Significance Description:

Significance defines what is special about a church. This could be architectural, archaeological, historical or liturgical. Here, it describes the relationship between the church and its community. 

Used as a local parish church, however, the Yew Trees are said to be among the oldest in Wales and have received a visit from the Prince of ales c2015

Church Renewables

Any renewable energy systems the church is using will be listed here.

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Species Summary

Missing help text - to be added by an administrator

All of the species listed below have been recorded in close proximity to the Parish Church . A few species which are particularly threatened and affected by disturbance may not be listed here because their exact location cannot be shared.

NOTE: Be aware that this dataset is growing, and the species totals may change once the National Biodiversity Network has added further records. Species may be present but not recorded and still await discovery.

No species data found for this record

Caring for God’s Acre is a conservation charity working to support groups and individuals to investigate, care for, and enjoy the wildlife and heritage treasures found within churchyards and other burial grounds. Look on their website for information and advice and please contact their staff directly. They can help you manage this churchyard for people and wildlife.

To learn more about all of the species recorded against this church, go to the Burial Ground Portal within the NBN Atlas. You can check the spread of records through the years, discovering what has been recorded and when, plus what discoveries might remain to be uncovered.

"Seek Advice" Species

Missing help text - to be added by an administrator

If any of the following species have been seen close to the Parish Church, it is important to seek advice from an expert. You will need to know if they are present now, and to follow expert recommendations when planning works. All of these species have specific legal protection as a recognition of their rarity. All of them are rare or becoming increasingly endangered, so it is important to ensure that management and other works do not adversely affect them. In addition, there may be things you can do to help these special species. N.B. Swift and House Martin do not have specific legal protection but are included, as roof repair works often impact breeding swifts and house martins which is against the law.

This is not a complete list of protected species, there are many more, but these are ones that are more likely to be found. All wild birds, their nests and eggs are also protected by law, as are all bats and veteran trees. In a few cases, species are considered particularly prone to disturbance or destruction by people, so the exact location of where they were recorded is not publicly available but can be requested. These ‘blurred’ records are included here, and the accuracy is to 1km. This means that the species has been recorded in close proximity to the Parish Church, or a maximum of 1km away from it. As these ‘blurred’ species are quite mobile, there is a strong likelihood that they can occur close to the Parish Church. To learn about these special species, use the link provided for each species in the table below

One important species which is not included here is the Peregrine Falcon. This is protected and advice should be sought if peregrines are nesting on a church or cathedral. Peregrine records are ‘blurred’ to 10km, hence the decision not to include records here. Remember too that species not seriously threatened nationally may still be at risk in your region and be sensitive to works. You should check with local experts about this. You may also need to seek advice about invasive species, such as Japanese knotweed and aquatics colonising streams or pools, which can spread in churchyards.

N.B. If a species is not recorded this does not indicate absence. It is always good practice to survey.

No species data found for this record

Caring for God’s Acre can help and support you in looking after the biodiversity present in this special place. If you know that any of these species occur close to the Parish Church and are not recorded here, please contact Caring for God’s Acre with details (info@cfga.org.uk).

To find out more about these and other species recorded against this Parish Church, go to the Burial Ground Portal within the NBN Atlas.

Refresh
WhoActionWhen
Paul BakerModified asset data - Modified the Asset AddressTue 09 Apr 2024 16:04:58
Paul BakerModified asset data - Modified the Interior DescriptionFri 07 Jul 2023 14:19:52
Paul BakerModified asset data - Modified the Exterior DescriptionFri 07 Jul 2023 14:18:49
Paul BakerModified asset data - Modified the Archaeology and History DescriptionFri 07 Jul 2023 14:18:30
Paul BakerAdded a plan of the buildingThu 25 May 2017 10:49:52
Paul BakerModified asset data - Modified the Interior DescriptionThu 20 Apr 2017 11:54:26
Paul BakerModified asset data - Modified the Exterior DescriptionThu 20 Apr 2017 11:52:40
Paul BakerModified asset data - Modified the Archaeology and History DescriptionThu 20 Apr 2017 11:52:09
Paul BakerModified asset data - Modified the Location and Setting DescriptionThu 20 Apr 2017 11:51:05
Paul BakerModified asset data - Modified the Burial and War Grave informationWed 07 Dec 2016 14:37:59
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